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ドイツ環境報告⑤
ドイツに環境研修に行った際の報告です。
■分別
日本では市町村ごとに分別方法が異なり、和歌山県内でも和歌山市の７分別や新宮市の２０分別までさまざまです。日本の家庭ゴミは、かさではその６割が容器包装といわれます。容器包装は紙やナイロン、ビン、アルミ、スチールなどさまざまで、それぞれに分別が求められる地域もあります。
ドイツでは家庭での分別数はそんなに多くありません。ほとんどの容器包装は分別せずに捨てられるからです。ドイツで容器包装をよく見てみると、ほぼ全てのものに丸く矢印が書かれた、グリューネプンクトと呼ばれるマークが付いています。このマークが付いているゴミは、DSDという会社が回収・分別・リサイクルを実施する責任があります。DSDは商品を製造・販売する会社からその費用をもらい、商品を製造・販売する会社はその費用を商品に乗せます。つまり住民は商品を購入した際に、回収・分別・リサイクル費用を支払っているわけです。
日本でもこのシステムを参考に容器包装リサイクル法が施行されましたが、大きな違いは、その分別・回収がその地域の自治体ひいては地域住民の責務となっていることです。ドイツではマナーが悪い住民がいても、最初にリサイクルに必要なコストを支払っているので、正直者がバカを見ることはありません。また、スーパーでものを買う際、容器包装がない商品を選ぶこともできます。日本ではマナーの悪い住民が分別せずにゴミを出すと、その分別等処理費用には税金があてられることになります。
ドイツは日本に比べ、容器包装のリサイクルコストは容器包装を使った人が負担することをより厳格にシステム化している社会と言えそうです。
日本のように住民のマナーを信じたシステムも、日本でしかできない、世界に誇るすばらしいシステムであるという意見もあります。
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